Cheese Making class 5th

CHEESE MAKING

What is cheese? 

Cheese is a preserved form of milk made by using live cultures to transform the milk through chemical processes, and then by the coagulation, pressing, and salting of the milk protein casein. 

Cheese is popular for its versatility, longevity, and nutritional values. Cheese is a staple food with a longer shelf life than milk, and it is an affordable food for any budget. There are numerous styles, shapes, tastes, and textures of cheese, all developed in different regions, climates, and cultures of the world.

History 

It is an ancient practice pictured in the murals of the Egyptian tombs.

http://www.sabor-artesano.com/gb/history-production-cheese.htm

The making of cheese is described also in Homer’s Odyssey, a very early Grecian work of literature thought to date back to around the 8th century BCE.

Animal skins and internal organs were used frequently in the early days, so it is likely that some farmer merely filled an inflated animal stomach with milk to carry or store it for a time. The lining of animal stomach contains the enzymes used in cheesemaking even now, so maybe when the shepherd returned to retrieve his milk, or the hearth keeper went to pour milk for her cooking, the vessel was full of curds and whey. Drainage and salt are all that was needed to make this new, exciting food into what we know as cheese today.

CHEESEMAKING PROCESS

Traditionally, cheese is made by culturing milk either by encouraging natural enzymes and bacterial action (in raw milk) or by using the culture (in pasteurized milk). 

A coagulant, such as rennet, lemon juice, or vinegar is then added, causing the milk protein casein to curdle and separate as a white, firm curd from the clear, watery whey. 

The curd is then cut, using a specialized curd cutter,  into smaller cubes (now curds), to be mashed and formed to a specific style. Next,  the curds are drained and crumbled if used as a soft cheese, or spread (pressed), using a round cheese press. 

Curds are compressed in a cheese press for as long as the specific style requires, then wrapped in some type of bandage or cloth, sometimes brined or rubbed in butter or lard, and put into a dark, cool environment to age naturally for as long as needed. 

https://www.burnettdairy.com/about-us/cheese-making-process

https://www.culturesforhealth.com/media/docs/Cheesemaking_eBook.pdf

How butter is made Class 5th

BUTTERMAKING

Geenhouse effect (II part) class 4th

The Guardian

WHAT WILL HAPPEN?

The greenhouse effect will cause:

• an increase in Earth's temperature
• a change in weather conditions 
• the ice at the Poles will melt, 
• the sea level will rise, 
• there will be a lot of floods, 
• there will be droughts and many places will be too dry for farming
• there will be the problem of food

HOW CAN WE STOP IT?

It's important not to spread alarmism; we should send a positive message. 

People should understand that we can't stop the greenhouse effect but we can slow it down.

People should act in a way so as to respect the environment. They should adopt the right behaviours at home and outdoors, every day

At school teachers should make their students aware of the problem of pollution, discuss solutions and learn what are the correct actions that should be taken to respect the natural environment.

Governments should take decisions, find measures and enact laws to preserve the natural environment.

Pollution on Biteable.

The Greenhouse effect (I part) class 4th

Industries and wrong human habits are damaging the natural environment.

Because of pollution there are more and more gases in the atmosphere and the Earth's temperature is getting hotter and hotter.  

The effect is similar to a greenhouse, that's why it is called "the greenhouse effect".

The gasses produced by the human activities are entrapping the sun's heat: they let sun's rays pass through and reach the Earth but and let only a minimum amount of them leave.

CARBON DIOXIDE:

http://www.noaa.gov/

It's the most important greenhouse gas.
Almost 6 billion tonnes enter the atmosphere every year.
It comes either from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, gas and oil or the burning of rain forest trees.


CHLORO- FLUORO-CARBONS:

These gasses are in aerosol,sprays, refrigerators, plastic boxes and solvents.
They are very harmful both for human health and the natural environment. 
They are the cause of the depletion the ozone layer.  

Ozone depletion and the ozone hole generated worldwide concern over increased cancer risks and other negative effects. The ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere. 


METHANE:
This colorless, odorless gas has huge potential as a fuel, but it also poses a major threat to the climate.
Methane is a natural substance produced through biological routes as well as technological processes or other synthetic means.



NITROUS OXIDE:

Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects. Its name "laughing gas" is due to the euphoric effects upon inhaling it. Recently has been found to be a major scavenger of stratospheric ozone,
It is estimated that 30% of the N2O in the atmosphere is the result of human activity, chiefly agriculture.


THE DEPLETION OF THE OZONE LAYERS

Work of Hole Ozone Layer from Tiago Amaral

Milk Products class5th

   CONDENSED MILK

It is made from pasteurized, concentrated milk to which sucrose is added to sweeten the concentrate to the extent of 65% in the final product. Sweetened condensed milk is not sterile but microbial growth is prevented by added sugar.

 POWERED MILK

Whole milk is dehydrated to the extent of 97% by spray drying* or vacuum drying. Skim milk and low-fat milk are also dehydrated to manufacture milk powder. Vitamins A and D are added to enhance the nutritive value. It has a long shelf-life and it turns into fluid milk by mixing it with the required amount of water.

CREAM

It is concentrated milk fat, it is formed as a layer of fat globules, which rise to the top in unhomogenized milk. The cream is separated from milk by centrifugation.

 YOGHURT

It is a fermented milk product with a fine curdled gel-like consistency having a sour and aromatic flavour.

*Spray drying is a method of producing a dry powder from a liquid or slurry by rapidly drying with a hot gas.

the Sky and the Air Erasmus+ Project

Here is the newborn website about the Erasmus project that we are going to develop altogether with France, Spain and Greece

The Sky and The Air

The best vacation in my life class2nd

Your next task:

• Write about the best holiday you lived in the past.

• You have to create a digital presentation using ADOBE SPARK.

• If you need to learn how to use it, go to the page "tutorial" in the homepage of this website, browse the page and watch the video about Adobe Spark.

• In your presentation you have to use 3/4 photos of the landscapes or cities or places you visited. You mustn't use photos of your parents or relatives.

• You must write a passage of at least 120 words. 
• If you think it could help you to stir ideas you can find suggestion from these questions

1. Where did you spend your holiday?
2. Who did you spend your holiday with?
3. What did you do during the day?
4. What did you do in the evening?
5. Did you meet new friends? Where did they come from? 
6. Did you visit any nice places? What were they like?
7. Did you do any sports?
8. Did you eat any typical food that you never tasted before?
9. What was the most interesting monument or place that you visited?
10. Would you like to come back there next year?

• When your digital presentation is ready, copy its link on the Paddlet below.

       Remember not to write your full name on the post.

• The deadline is November 28th, 2017

PAST SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS revision Class 3rd

PAST SIMPLE AND PAST CONTINUOUS

Alterations in climate and weather class4th

The man's action has altered both the climate and the weather...

Since Industrial Revolution men have been producing more and more gases from cars, factories and power plants.

The atmosphere has been filled with carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

The gaseous blanket surrounding the atmosphere has been thickened. (Greenhouse effect)

The Earth's heat is trapped in the atmosphere, increasing the Earth's temperature.

The rapid increase in the temperature will cause dangerous alterations to the weather and the global climate:

LONG PERIODS OF DROUGHTS

Desertification

Forests will  be destroyed

Sahara will enlarge and reach Italy and Spain

The Nile delta will disappear

Water shortages

PROLONGED HEAVY PRECIPITATIONS

STORMS/TORNADOES/HURRICANES

floods